Endnotes -- Ezekiel
1See Richard W. DeHaan, Russia's Fatal Invasion (Grand Rapids: Radio Bible Class, 1980); David Egner, The Bear Goes South (Grand Rapids: Radio Bible Class, 1979); Arno C. Gaebelein, The Prophet Ezekiel (Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, 1972); W. G. Heslop, Pearls From The Prophet Ezekiel (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1976); Carl G. Johnson, Prophecy Made Plain (Chicago: Moody Press, 1972); Hal Lindsey, The Late Great Planet Earth (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971); Thomas S. McCall & Zola Levitt, The Coming Russian Invasion of Israel (Chicago: Moody Press, 1974); J. Dwight Pentecost, Things To Come (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1980); and Will Man Survive? (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1980); Merrill F. Unger, Beyond The Crystal Ball (Chicago: Moody Press, 1974); John F. Walvoord, Israel In Prophecy and The Nations in Prophecy (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1978); etc.
2Š = the linguistic designation for the "sh" sound.
3See Heslop, Pearls, pp.141-144; Walvoord, Israel, p.129; etc.
4Unger, Beyond, p.81. He continues: "It would be equally incredible, if scripture prophecy is reliable, not to expect this godless giant at least to be mentioned indirectly. On this point there is scarcely any disagreement among serious students of Bible prophecy." Note the implication that if he is not correct Scriptural prophecy is unreliable and that those who disagree are not serious students of the prophetic Word.
5 Nations, p.108.
6 Israel, p.129.
7Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology (1939; reprint, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1977), p.713.
8Numerous variations are found in other versions: for Persia, Peras (TLB) or Pharas (NEB); Ethiopia is often found as Cush (NIV, RSV, TLB, ASV, NEB); Libya, is often Put (NIV, RSV, TLB, ASV, NEB, NASB). Also "house of Togarmah" (KJV, ASV) is found untranslated, "Beth-Togarmah" (NIV, NASB, RSV, NEB).
9Charles C. Ryrie, The Best Is Yet To Come (Chicago: Moody Press, 1981), p.56. This concession is interesting since Ryrie, as those listed above (note 1), does see Russia in this prophecy.
10Pentecost, however, in his attempt to include Russia, says, "How far this people [Togarmah] extends beyond Turkey or Armenia can not be positively determined, but it could include Asiatic peoples federated with Russia" ( Things To Come, p.330; emphasis added). This type of argument is not compelling.
11NASB, ASV, NEB.
12p.82.
13Ralph Alexander, Ezekiel (Chicago: Moody Press), p.122.
14p.55.
15John B. Taylor, Ezekiel (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 1969), p.244.
16Num.24:7; Dt.3:1, 13; 4:47; Amos 7:1. See Alexander, Ezekiel, p.121.
17Antichrist and Satan (Rev.19-20).
18 Antiquities, I, VI, 1.
19Johnson, Prophecy, p.146; Lindsey, Planet Earth, p.64; Pentecost, Things, p.328.
20Gen.10:1-3.
21Charles Lee Feinberg, The Prophecy of Ezekiel (Chicago: Moody Press, 1978), p.220.
22NIV and RSV; the NEB translation is stronger: "Gog the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal, in the land of Magog" (emphasis added).
23DeHaan, Russia's Final Invasion, p.2; Egner, The Bear, pp.77-78; Walvoord, Nations, p.106.
24For most of this information in linguistics and ancient history, grateful acknowledgement is given to Dr. Charles F. Aling, "Methods of Historical Research"; unpublished class notes, Valley Baptist Theological Seminary, Fall, 1984).
25Modern place names are given here. The possibility of further changes in the political map before that battle is acknowledged.
26Islamic but not necessarily (entirely) Arabian, for Iran is Japhetic not Semitic.
27This, of course, would not allow a pre-tribulational or mid-tribulational fulfillment of Ezekiel's battle. It must be post-tribulational. Ralph Alexander argues convincingly in support of this view. See Ezekiel, pp.118-129, and "A Fresh Look at Ezekiel 38 and 39" in JETS, Summer, 1974.
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